1 foreword is in process of metallic cutting treatment, want to use cutting liquid normally. Used environment and human body health of cutting fluid to bring very great harm in great quantities, force people to consider to develop new technology ceaselessly in order to change the current situation. Accordingly, in recent years green makes a technology become the research heat on international. Green cutting technology is a component that green makes, it is to point to big to zoology environment and treatment spot microenvironment all avirulent side-effect (or side effect is very little) , arise in machining a process a few " 3 abandon " (waste gas, waste liquid and waste residue) can reclaim in chain extreme or natural degradation, achieve the environmental protection requirement that does not have social effects of pollution, do not have the cutting technology of the harm to the person's health and environment. To green cutting treatment, corresponding ground established a series of standards on international. In April 1996, international machinery learned to establish the ISO14000 international standard that machines about cleanness. The country such as Germany, United States, Canada and Japan also made more strict industry discharge a standard in succession, restricted the use of cutting fluid further. The cutting fluid that serves as toxic waste and contain cutting juice cut bits discharge and processing increased to reclaim greatly processing cost, the charge related to cutting fluid occupies the 17 ％ of finished cost about. Change without social effects of pollution, cleanness, the development direction that the green of feebleminded bad news is made is manufacturing industry of 21 centuries machinery. Accordingly, research develops new green cutting technology, reduce the pollution that cutting fluid brings to the environment, seek the cooling and lubricant technology of green environmental protection, it is the main task that promotion of green cutting technology applies. Green cutting technology accords with the demand that can develop the strategy continuously, be sure to push those who move mechanical industry to last, healthy progress. Cutting of dry type of cutting of 2 dry type is to point to do not use any cutting liquid in cutting treatment process, removed the negative effect of cutting fluid completely, it is a kind of green cutting that accords with zoology requirement machines means. Its advantage basically has: To atmosphere and water environment free from contamination; Cut bits to go up the fluid that do not have incomplete, reduced cleanness to handle cost; Harmless to the person's health and won't injure the skin or cause allergy. Technology of dry type cutting basically applies Yu Zhu iron at present treatment, considering to develop further in the promotion application of other respect. The executive need of dry type cutting satisfies certain requirement, basically include: (1) requirement machine tool has very good thermal stability and very tall stiffness, assure to machine precision hard otherwise. (2) raised new requirement to cutting tool. Basically include the design of the choice of cutting tool material and parameter of cutting tool geometry. Because do type cutting not to use cutting liquid, cutting temperature is very accordingly high. Have only good thermal conductivity, high temperature resistant with the ability of cutting tool material of tall hardness contented treatment asks, apply more cutting tool material to CBN and PCD wait in dry type cutting at present. Technology of cutting tool coating (technology of CVD and PVD coating technology, accept rice coating) application can prolong cutting tool life, the requirement of better contented cutting doing type. Optimize the geometrical parameter of cutting tool, can improve treatment precision and prolong cutting tool service life, also be one of important steps that promote development of technology of dry type cutting. Current, technology of dry type cutting still is put in a lot of inadequacy and the technical difficult problem that confine its to popularize application. Because lost the action such as bits of the lubricant, refrigeration of cutting fluid, auxiliary platoon, cutting tool increases in bear of the susceptive in treatment, cutting temperature is elevatory, knife, bits interface is in complete 2 photographs solid to contact condition, cutting tool wear process is unusually complex, cutting tool and workpiece all send heat build-up easily to be out of shape, bring about cutting tool service life to shorten, machine exterior diminution of quality. In addition, to machine tool itself, because irretentive heat is balanced, the lathe bed of the machine tool, pillar also can lift because of temperature and produce those who not allow to ignore to be out of shape. The development of technology of dry type cutting basically depends on rise and improve of machine tool and cutting tool function, namely: (1) improve machine tool performance. The thermal stability that increases a machine tool on one hand and heatproof be out of shape ability; Pass the main shaft rotate speed that increases a machine tool on the other hand, development high speed (exceed high speed) technology of dry type cutting, manufacture efficiency with rising substantially, reduce cutting force, obtain good appearance to machine quality. (2) the cutting tool material with new development and coating technology. Through raising cutting tool the thermal conductivity of material, hear resistance, self-lubricating gender and wearability, prolong cutting tool service life, assure to do the treatment precision of type cutting. Cutting of refrigeration of liquid nitrogen of cutting of refrigeration of 3 liquid nitrogen is to use liquid nitrogen character, local low temperature is formed in cutting area (or ultralow temperature) , the physics that changes workpiece material thereby is mechanical the advanced cutting technology that function makes its are helpful for machining. American bosom is special the research of treatment of cooling to liquid nitrogen turning makes clear Dr. S Y Hong that the city establishs an university, material of hard alloy cutting tool can maintain good cutting performance below condition of cutting of liquid nitrogen refrigeration. The nitrogen of turning of Z Y Wang of Lincoln university changes the experiment of silicon pottery and porcelain to make clear, in liquid nitrogen cooling condition falls, cutting tool wears away can reduce about 4 times, the value can reduce workpiece surface surface roughness 6 times much. Cutting of liquid nitrogen refrigeration reachs a few tall model to titanium alloy, low-alloy steel, mild steel (pliable but strong) quality the treatment of the difficult treatment material such as composite material is very favorable. Current, technology of cutting of liquid nitrogen refrigeration needs the problem that solve under main existence: (1) the memory of liquid nitrogen, carry waited for charge to bring additional cost; (2) liquid nitrogen machines medium lubricity in cutting insufficient; (3) the security need that liquid nitrogen uses is special try to notice; (4) the workpiece surface that comes out in the cutting below ultralow temperature has extremely strong chemical active, expose can rust very quickly in air, because this must solve workpiece antirust problem; (5) the cutting character of the microtherm cutting performance that still requires pair of different workpiece data and cutting tool make further thorough research. Cutting of refrigeration of water vapour of cutting of refrigeration of 4 water vapour is to will pass jet of hot water vapour the method of a kind of cutting that lubricates in order to achieve refrigeration to cutting area. Its cutting system is transmitted by device of water vapour happening, water vapour with control system and machine tool system are comprised. Russia scholar Podgorkv V V and Godelviski V A are in before on 90 time put forward the century this kind of cutting machines a method. Harbin Institute of Technology also has done preliminary research to this, obtained certain positive result. Consider to make clear, cutting of water vapour refrigeration can reduce cutting force and workpiece surface surface roughness to be worth, drop cutting temperature apparently, generate cut bits more regular and reasonable, lubricity rises somewhat. Vapor price is low free from contamination, it is a kind of very good green lubricant. Current, this technology still is in research phase, basically put in the following problem: (1) specific power consumption of device of water vapour happening is bigger, still must study specific power consumption further the water vapour with good, simple and reasonable construction produces sex of low, heat preservation device. (2) the lubricant mechanism of water vapour still requires further thorough research, the lubricant model of cutting process is still ambiguous. (3) still need to have experiment of many cutting function and research to different workpiece material, choose reasonable treatment parameter and angle of affirmatory and best eject and discharge to wait. Cutting of refrigeration of efflux of gas of cutting of refrigeration of 5 gas efflux is machine an area to machine a method in order to obtain the cutting of cooling effect with pressing the efflux gas of force to erode certainly. The research work that Japanese scholar processes methodological place to do to this kind is more. Institute of industry of our country Hua Dong shipping also did the research of this respect to work, obtained better result. Consider to make clear, cutting of aeriform efflux refrigeration machines the respect such as quality and cutting tool service life to all have profit in cooling effect, workpiece. At present the domestic research to this technology still is in start level, still must begin work of the following research: (1) parameter of cutting of aeriform efflux refrigeration (include diameter of speed of aeriform pressure, temperature, air current, spout and eject direction to wait) optimize a design. (2) the analysis of cooling cutting mechanism studies aeriform efflux. (3) the performance of cutting of aeriform efflux refrigeration that still requires pair of different workpiece data undertakes many experiment studies. Cold cutting of wind of low temperature of cold cutting of wind of 6 low temperature is use in machining a process - 10 ℃ ～ - the air cooling of 100 ℃ erodes treatment area, reduce the technology of a kind of cutting of cutting tool and workpiece temperature thereby. Its cutting system basically produces device and composition of cutting treatment system by air cooling. Japan is earlier to the research of this technology, development level is higher. Professor Hengchuanheyan began cold to microtherm wind cutting to have more comprehensive research 1996. Chongqing university of home also has had this kind of research, obtained certain positive result. Consider to make clear, microtherm wind cold cutting can drop cutting area temperature significantly, raise cutting tool wearability, prolong cutting tool service life, improvement machines exterior quality, and complete to the environment free from contamination. Still put in a few problems to the research of this technology. Above all, the effect with distinct to different move be havinged by treatment material cutting of microtherm air cooling, and the domestic research work to this respect is begun less, lack test data, offer science, reasonable cutting parameter hard. Next, the cooling and lubricant system of this method is more complex, go against promotion application. The 3rd, this method has cooling function only and do not have lubricant function (if minim cutting oil is added in air cooling, can solve lubricity problem, but have certain effect to the environment, belong to accurate green cutting) . In addition, the noise that when using, gives out is bigger. Finally, technology of cold to wind cutting lacks the experiment research of systematization, was not quantified to a series of technology parameter and optimize. The cutting property that leaves different material to different condition remains to study deep further. Technology of microtherm wind cold cutting has proper applied perspective, but development of further to needing with next tasks research: (1) develop low cost can, efficient, adjusting range is mixed greatly the microtherm wind cold device of free from contamination. (2) the research that begins systematization. The microtherm cutting property that leaves different material to different condition undertakes a large number of experiments study, arrange and analyse experimental data, prepare for next research. (3) adjust machine tool structure, those who improve as cold as microtherm wind system is comfortable match a gender, drive technology of microtherm wind cold cutting to surround application in the Xiaofan in machinist job. 7 minimum are lubricant (MQL) cutting minimum is lubricant (Minimal Quantities Of Lubricant, MQL) cutting is to point to the eject after mixing the lubricating fluid that compresses air and infinitesimal vaporization to undertake to treatment area a kind of cutting that lubricates effectively machines a method. The dosage that it can reduce cutting fluid greatly (it is only commonly 0. 03 ～ 1.
2L/h) , can reduce effectively cutting tool and workpiece, cutting tool and cut the attrition between bits, prevent felt, prolong cutting tool life, improve treatment surface quality. Current, aperture of the drill that this technology basically uses at cast-iron, steel and aluminium alloy to wait, bore with a reamer, tap, deep Kong Zuan is cut, milling of aluminium alloy end panel. In machining a process, the oil gas mist that lube forms in air is harmful to the health of environment and person. American Cicinati university and Techsolve Inc.
The combination of the company considers to make clear: Mix with 11ml/min respectively on machining center of vertical of Tongil TNV-80 CNC 6.
The dosage of 5L/min is right AISI/SAE 4340 steel undertake milling is mixed auger when cutting, fall in inferior cutting speed and metallic excision rate, oily mist particle is generated in the air that MQL creates rate when cutting, be being gotten is traditional note the 340~3300 that irrigates a law times, its are when milling 100 ～ 140 times. Accordingly, use MQL cutting technology to must be added on the machine tool close, ventilated with air pure and fresh establishment, this brings fixed additional cost necessarily. Combine current research to develop the current situation, offer the research way of following MQL cutting technologies: (1) thorough to oily mist generates mechanism atomicly to undertake research, offer effective, practical preventive measure. Through technical measure particle of will oily mist is in the chroma in atmosphere falls to lowest, implementation is harmless to human body and environment (or endanger lowest) accurate green cutting. (2) the design research that strengthens oily to MQL mist to produce device. At present most MQL device is to use compress air to regard oily mist as deferent carrier, the bulk that controls oily mist particle very hard and distributing, because this is deferent,the design of unit and mouth of oily mist control will be research key. (3) meet because of cutting parameter and cutting speed generate to oily mist particle rate cause an effect, because this still needs pair of cutting parameter,generate the influence of rate to do a large number of research to oily mist particle. The article is opposite 8 epilogue a few common branch technologies made field of green cutting technology relatively systematic introduction and analysis. Among them, cold cutting of cutting of refrigeration of efflux of cutting of refrigeration of cutting of dry type cutting, liquid nitrogen refrigeration, water vapour, gas and microtherm wind all attribute green cutting skill; Minimum is lubricant (MQL) cutting technology and the skill of cutting of microtherm air cooling that add minim cutting oil in air cooling attribute skill of accurate green cutting. Green cutting technology can improve cutting tool service life and treatment quality, and to environmental free from contamination, harmless to human body health, favorable result was obtained in applying actually, it is domain of metallic cutting treatment the development direction henceforth. Current, high speed (exceed high speed) the development key that technology of dry type cutting and the zoology cutting fluid that develop free from contamination are green cutting technology. In the development process of 21 centuries manufacturing industry, green cutting technology is sure to receive rapidder development and wider application. CNC Milling
CNC Machining