The numerical control of common lathe transforms method and design

Time:2023-06-30 17:17:01
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source:KAPLOWITZ CNC Machining

At present machine tool numerical control changes transformed market to there still is very large development space in our country, numerical control of our country machine tool is changed now do not lead 3 ％ . The product that with general accuracy machine tool treatment comes out is put generally in quality difference, breed little, class low, cost is high, offer goods period to grow, lack competition ability on international, home market thereby, affect the product of an enterprise, market, beneficial result directly, affect a business live and develop, the numerical control that must improve a machine tool energetically so is changed rate. The article is transformed with the numerical control of lathe for exemple, introduced the method that machine tool numerical control transforms, those who include its construction transform a design, the choice of function and precision and what transform program finally is affirmatory. Keyword: Numerical control; Transform; The meaning that numerical control of lathe machine tool transforms 1) economic fund. The numerical control of the machine tool is transformed purchase photograph of new machine tool to compare together can save 60% right-and-left cost commonly, large reach special device particularly apparent. General and large machine tool transforms the 1/3 that needs to spend new machine tool to purchase cost only. Although the structure of will primary machine tool undertakes be transforminged thoroughly upgrading to also need to cost only,buy new machine tool the charge of 60% , can use existing foundation. 2) function is stable and reliable. Because of primary machine tool each foundation through long-term effectiveness for a given period of time, can produce stress to be out of shape scarcely and affect precision. 3) improve manufacturing efficiency. The automation efficiency that the machine tool machines via after numerical control is transformed, can coming true can rise than traditional machine tool 3 to 5 times. To complex part character difficulty jumps over tall effect to rise morer. And need not be used or use tool less, not only managing charge and can shorten manufacturing preparation is periodic. The numerical control of bed of 1 general be open to traffic changes the numerical control that transforms design machine tool to transform, basically be the design that undertakes creativity to the structure of original machine tool, make the machine tool obtains better position finally. Numerical control lathe is the typical delegate of Electromechanical unifinication, its machinery structure has the place of a lot of likeness with common machine tool. However, contemporary numerical control machine tool is not simple will traditional machine tool is deployed go up numerical control system can, also not be to be on the foundation of traditional machine tool, ministry of play a game of chess tries to improve and become only (those suffer the condition such as capital to restrict, and will traditional machine tool changes his costume or dress of machine tool of proposal numerical control should fasten additionally theory) . Traditional machine tool is existing a few weaknesses, if tigidity is insufficient, fight brace up sexual difference, heat is out of shape clearance exists to wait between the attrition block muscularity of big, slip face and transmission component, be competent hard numerical control machine tool is right the requirement such as quality of treatment precision, surface, productivity and service life. Modern numerical control technology, especially machining center, no matter be its bearing component, advocate the component structure such as transmission system, feed transmission system, cutting tool system, auxiliary function, still be integral layout, exterior modelling had produced very big change, had formed the distinctive and rigid structure of numerical control machine tool. Accordingly, in the process that we are having numerical control is transformed to general accuracy machine tool, should considering all sorts of circumstances to fall, make the each function index of general accuracy machine tool connects as far as possible with numerical control machine tool close. The choice of the function of lathe of 2 numerical control and precision is not all old machine tool can undertake numerical control transform, of the machine tool transform basically should have two requirements: The first, machine tool foundation must have enough tigidity. The 2nd, transformed expense wants appropriate, economy is good. Changing his costume or dress before lathe, want to make a decision to the function index of the machine tool. The diameter of the biggest circumgyrate that the lathe after changing one's costume or dress can process work and the biggest length, advocate electromotor power won't change commonly. The flatness that processes work, linearity, cylinder is spent and surface roughness still basically decide at machine tool itself original standard. The choice that basically has undermentioned function and precision needs to decide before change one's costume or dress. 1) limits of axial gearshift method, progressional, rotate speed, power and whether to need numerical control apply the brake to jockey etc. 2) feed moves: Feed speed: Z to (it is 8 ～ 400mm/min normally) ; X to (it is 2 ～ 100mm/min normally) . Move quickly: Z to (it is normally 1.

2 ～ 4m/min) ; X to (it is normally 1.

2 ～ 3m/min) . Pulse equivalent: In 0.

025 ～ 0.

Choose inside 005mm, normally Z to for X to 2 times. Machine pitch limits: Include to be able to process pitch type (section of metric, imperial, modulus, diameter and awl whorl) , general pitch is in 10mm less than is not inaccessible. 3) means of feed motion drive (choose a pace to take electric machinery drive commonly) . 4) whether to need to change his costume or dress to athletic drive drive of ball guide screw. 5) whether does tool carrier need to configure automatic dislocation tool carrier, if configuration needs certain class digit. 6) option of other property index: Interpolation function: Lathe treatment needs to have mix point-blank function of circular arc interpolation. Cutting tool compensation and clearance compensate: To assure certain treatment precision, need to consider to install a knife to fill to compensate a function with clearance commonly. Show: Using a number to be in charge of still is liquid crystal or monitor shows, indication digit more or less to wait for a problem to want to machine a function to need actually to decide according to lathe, generally speaking, show simpler cost is lower, come true easily also. Diagnostic function: The program that inputs to prevent handlers is wrong with the wrong action that appears subsequently, necessary parts of an apparatus and software can be joined when numerical control transforms a system to design, make its can indicate a machine tool occurrence trouble or the part of functional invalidation, realize finite diagnostic function. Above is the index of a few current performance that the consideration needs when lathe numerical control is transformed, some lathe transform a basis to need to return a little can technical requirement, if turning is big what work below harsh environment is pitch whorl, dustproof high accuracy of interference, lathe tool is right the knife, this moment is due the special design of specific aim. 3 lathe numerical control transforms plan to choose to wait for content when the function of numerical control lathe and precision after basic make choice of, can transform program certainly according to this. At present machine tool numerical control transforms a technology to had matured with each passing day, special the convention that the machine tool numerical control that turn transforms the property that systematic place has and function to all can satisfy lathe commonly machines a requirement. Accordingly, more typical lathe numerical control transforms plan to be able to choose to be: Configure special lathe numerical control to transform a system, change the drive of slip guide screw that feed moves is drive of ball guide screw, use a pace to enter feed of electric machinery drive function of thread machining of implementation of generator of pulse of motion, configuration, configuration is automatic implementation of dislocation tool carrier is automatic the function that change a knife. At present numerical control of more typical economy special lathe transforms a system to have following and basic configuration and function: 1) use sheet piece personal computer is given priority to accuse CPU, have be compensated with process designing of circular arc interpolation, code, cutting tool point-blank and clearance compensation function, number is in charge of 2 coordinate to show at the same time, the control function such as control of automatic dislocation tool carrier, thread machining. 2) deserve to the pace takes system of electric machinery drive, pulse equivalent or control precision are commonly: Z is 0.

01mm, x to for 0.

005mm (should cover suitably with the guide screw of corresponding lead) . 3) machine program relies on input of face plate key-press mostly, code work out, drop report to protect memory memory automatically; Can undertake to the program the spot edits to revise and try moving operation. 4) have odd situation or position of continuous executive program, loop executive program, mechanical maximum is automatic spacing, exceed Cheng to call the police, and feed career program is stopped automatically wait for of all kinds number to control basic function. 4 lathe numerical control transforms institute of plan of as above of sketch map of structure of example C616A lathe to show change for numerical control of CA6140 common lathe transform exemple, it used a kind simpler but relatively typical change one's costume or dress plan, the lathe feed motion after transforming takes electric machinery A and B drive by the pace, they are installed respectively inside headstock (or lathe bed rear) and procrastinate board rear, the freely feed that drives lathe through decelerate gear and vertical transverse guide screw moves. Develop the efficiency of numerical control lathe to make the lathe after transforming can sufficient, exchange of deputy general need becomes nut of vertical transverse guide screw nut of ball guide screw deputy. Should use nut of former guide screw deputy when, transform workload to decrease, fore-and-aft drive electric machinery and reducer casing are installed commonly in lathe bed rear, join at this moment system of lathe former transmission (main shaft system) have not demolish with the clutch of drive of fore-and-aft guide screw, should make be in come away position when the job. Manage together, fall off if the orgnaization of former transverse and automatic feed such as worm was not demolished, also should make its are in empty shelves when the job (neutral) the position. The feed pulse after transforming is equivalent value of a quantity relies on a pace to enter horn of electric machinery step pitch, slowdown lead of gear comparing, guide screw 3 person harmonious and affirmatory. 3 person between conversion concern is OK and the following type represents: (θ / 360) × (Ac/bd) the θ in type of × T= δ -- the pace gets together into electric machinery pace horn (degree) ; T -- lead of place drive guide screw (Mm) ; A, b, c, d -- number of tine teeth of a cogwheel, when only course subtrahend, your C, D is equal to 1; δ -- pulse equivalent is worth (Mm) . The moment of force of parameter basis block that the pace enters electric machinery and the size of the dosage that cut bits and machine tool model will choose, common lathe (wait like C6140, C620) numerical control is transformed in use more 0.

08 -- 0.

15 (N · M) the pace of static moment of force enters electric machinery, if choose 0.

08 (N · M) regard transverse feed as electric machinery; Choose 0.

15 (N · M) regard fore-and-aft feed as electric machinery. If need, can change primary tool carrier automatic dislocation tool carrier, can use program numerical control to change cutting tool to undertake bits is machined cutting. When numerical control system issues the signal that change a knife, above all relay K1 movement, the electromotor that change a knife is turning orgnaization of worm of drive worm wheel, make go up cutter hub rises. Should go up when cutter hub rises to certain height, dial of separation and reunion is effective, drive cutter hub to rotate undertake picking a knife. The post a letter of tool carrier upper part dish in corresponding every knife how to have a sensor, should go up cutter hub rotates a certain knife when, this knife sensor outputs signal to numerical control system, numerical control system the knife signal and instruction knife signal undertakes comparative, when two signal are identical, the cutter hub on the specification already rotated to pick a knife to place. Right now K1 releases relay of control of numerical control system, k2 sucks relay close, the electromotor that change a knife inverts, the activity is sold in lean instead dish on locate first. The action that leans instead is sold to fall in the activity, screw drives cutter hub to drop, till tine tooth dish occlusive, the essence that finish locates, pass locknut of worm wheel worm, make tool carrier tightens solid. Right now K2 releases relay of control of numerical control system, the electromotor that change a knife stops turn, complete the action that change a knife. Also can withhold primary tool carrier to still use a hand to use changeover cutting tool, but program time-out must be installed when changing a knife. If need to machine whorl, should be carried outside main shaft or mount of other and proper place C of generator of a pulse, rotate with what it gives out pulse to make the pace enters electric machinery to cooperate main shaft well and truly and produce corresponding feed motion, assure main shaft namely every turn, lathe tool is mobile a lead. Afore-mentioned transforming in plan, do not change guide screw method appears when numerical control system when breakdown, still can machine, but nut of slip guide screw deputy wear away easily reason needs to often be overhauled, and power and treatment precision all are inferior to means of deputy drive of nut of ball guide screw. Additional, procrastinate board not quite as parallel as the slideway of lathe bed or perpendicular, and both between attrition power is too great, the problem such as parallelism alignment error of the existence between guide screw axes and slideway all can make drive obstruction increases. The moment of force that enters electric machinery in order to improve a condition to reduce resistance is businesslike with treatment precision.

The machine tool is transformed after ending, still should undertake installing debugging reaching checking and accept to its. Generally speaking, should the position that special attention installs and foundation, make the machine tool is in the working environment of good stability. It is the circumstance of the connection case that examines each parts of an apparatus, plug-in unit in the round and each oil path, circuit next, reentry linage accuses systematic join. When the adjustment of system of the numerical control that finish, had a machine tool the condition of online electrify test-drive, can cut off the power source of numerical control system, the dynamical line of join electromotor, restore to call the police set, plan electrify trial run. The installation that the purpose of test-drive is assessment machine tool is firm, each drive, operate, whether is the system such as control, lubricant, hydraulic pressure, pneumatic mixed normally acute and reliable. Of the numerical control machine tool after transforming checking and accept debug working synchronism to undertake with installation. Numerical control of a machine tool is transformed in good condition the check test stop work for the day after is made is a complex job, its experiment detects method and technical demand are very high also, it needs to use the instrument of all sorts of high accuracy, departmental to the machine of the machine tool, report, fluid, gas cent and overall undertake individual property integral performance detect, include to run stiffness and heat to be out of shape wait for a series of experiments, answer among them special attention of function of machine tool numerical control examine, reach finally the comprehensive assessment of this machine tool. 5 conclusion prove through a large number of practice numerical control of general accuracy machine tool is changed transform have certain economy, practical with stability. Its are transformed involve the field such as mechanical, electric, computer, it is a theory the systematic project with deep, strong practice. When undertaking numerical control is transformed, should have made the technical preparation before transforming. In transforming a process, machinery is repaired with electric transform photograph band, first easy hind difficult, first local hind overall situation. CNC Milling CNC Machining